Public Policy – Agricultural credit

Horticultural approach is a lot of decides that are identified with residential farming and imports of food items. The administrations of each state executes these arrangement of rules with the point of tenderizing about a sound solidness in the residential agricultureâ markets and to shield the enthusiasm of the ranchers from gracefully levels, value rise, land use and rural subsidies.The rural appropriations, advances and different types of credits that are offered to the cultivating network is cash paid to them at died down rates so as to assist them with defeating the issues of rising maintenanceâ and creation costs, supplement their salaries, and assurance from inflations.For model, the United States Agricultural office, surveys its strategies like clockwork and consents to sponsor a rested products at regular intervals. Between the time of 1996 and 2002, a normal of $16 billion/year credit was paid to the ranchers at financed rates.According to the individuals who favor agr ibusiness credit to ranchers, the credit approaches and rural endowments offer ranchers additional salary and market protection.It likewise encourages the ranchers to contend in the global market For instance, in the year 2002, the United States paid an extra 52 pennies for each bushel of wheat, and simultaneously additionally guaranteed a cost of 3.86 from 2002â€03 and 3.92 from 2004â€2007.Experts who contradict these rural arrangements set somewhere near the administration, contend that the ranchers don't need such awards as they have just got a reasonable arrangement. They proceed with that there are equal dangers in different business as in agribusiness, so for what reason is the cultivating network given more benefitsBACKGROUND â€The principle point of this paper is to examine the open strategies towards the Agriculture credit and the future possibility of assets and other loaning programs that can be accessible for the agrarian banks. It is accepted that these governm ent arrangements identified with agribusiness credit can loan a significant job in deciding the remain of the various banks in financing the horticulture sector.Credit has become a critical instrument of the agrarian strategies and the vast majority of these approaches with time have given ensured serious advance rates on these assets, in this way giving some assistance during the time spent change of the rural area into an exceptionally modernized and capital proficient one.Most of the ranchers are needy upon the assets for their yearly creation and furthermore to claim land and the figures show a considerable ascent in the degree of obligations as the expansion rises.The paper gives a prologue to a portion of the approaches and afterward surveys the possibilities and the general acknowledge conditions along for the job of Federal, involvement.Also examined here is the capacity of these subsidizing organizations to support the developing needs of the farming part and by what method can these credit approaches make a beneficial outcome on the segment. These strategies contribute intensely in the value assurance of land costs and assimilation of ranch possession and production.The paper additionally examines the adjusted game plan and financial character of the horticulture part which is proposed so as to rethink the job of open organizations which offer credit to the farmers.INTRODUCTIONMost the ongoing agribusiness credit programs really started after the First World War, when the earnings of the cultivating network were not steady and unsure.At that time loaning cash was not viewed as protected enough by both the ranchers and the banks as cultivating turned into a dubious area. With these turns of events, the ranchers confronted part of issues in accepting assets and gave higher loan fees than different borrowers anywhere.Soon, the need of a Farm credit framework was built up which incorporated the inclusion of Federal Land Banks, Federal Intermediate credit Banks, Banks for cooperatives and different organizations identified with the Farmers Home Administration which served to enormously build the progression of assets into the rancher community.At nearly a similar time, numerous different projects and activities for the ranchers to expand their pay and lessen the hazard in the cultivating area by realizing cost adjustment and making ranch loaning more simple than before were achieved by the government.The simpler terms and conditions on which the ranchers had the option to get cash and could get account for industrialization of their homesteads supported the change to a profoundly profitable and capital concentrated cultivating sector.Today credits have become the foundation of the ascent of the cultivating segment and significant reasons that are behind the expansion in the conduct of the ranchers to acquire cash are the straightforward financing issues, high creation costs, increment in land costs, hardware and the ability to expan d the size of their creation capability.The high creation costs have diminished the subsidizing capacity of the ranchers to use their own money.Within a range of 30 years, the obligation of the cultivating division had expanded by a mind-boggling figure of $13 billion of every 1950 to a foreseen $158 billion on January 1980’s, alongside the expansion in the estimation of the ranch resources of the ranchers which had extensively multiplied during that period.The ranchers gradually become progressively delicate to the progressions and vacillations that happened in the income, loan costs, and expenses of obligation administration to them. This prompted an expansion in the obtained assets by the cultivating network and reduction in the net homestead livelihoods, consequently expanding the net obligation troubles on the farmers.In various locales over the United Stated, which are situated along the north and the western edges of the corn belt,â the majority of the business banki ng organizations, most strangely the nation banks have come through two years of a sensibly high advance to - store proportions, which achieved various liquidity issues for the ranchers eventually of time.In the vast majority of these areas the business banks and other financing establishments couldn't meet the developing needs of the ranchers and accordingly the financing costs developed by a sensational rate.It was evaluated that the ranch creation costs will ascend by more than twofold the cost and therefore the assets that will be expected to fulfill this interest will develop by more than $250 billion in the coming 10 years when contrasted with an all out cost of $140 billion during the 1980’s.According to these figures, it was assessed that the cultivating network should get the greater part of the cash and it was assessed that the cultivating obligation would be around $700 billion before the year's over 2000.At a similar time, the benefit estimation of the ranchers wi ll likewise increment to $3.5 trillion and the proportion between the obligations to resource esteems won't rise higher than 17%.The expanding and costs, rivalry of the advance assets, ranch costs, would all be able to make it hard for the ranchers and particularly the individuals who have no other wellspring of pay to finance their cultivating needs. Taking a gander at this examination of the patterns, a few changes and agrarian approaches were presented.

The Image of Iron Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Image of Iron Man - Essay Example To many, Iron man stays known as a superhuman and along these lines various things need consistently to be remembered for the creation of his work of art. Iron man subsequently speaks to control, insight, certainty and indestructibility. Iron man stays as a delegate of image of intensity. At some point, while visiting a workmanship exhibition of Iron man in the area, I figured out how to go over the comic displays of Iron man. Meeting one’s eyes from far, one could generally perceive Iron man from the red iron suit that he continually has. Red being an image of threat, consistently guarantees that it draws in people’s consideration toward that heading. What's more, the eyes of Iron man are constantly delineated as continually gleaming consequently transmitting a greatness of intensity being driven from a source. The splendid light that continually encompasses the foundation of Iron man in huge numbers of the funnies portrays the idea of a superhuman. In one of the comic books, one could plainly observe the complexity among scalawags and Iron Man essentially by the play of light and dimness. Iron man consistently catches everyone's eye when looked from far because of his brilliant attire and alluring outfit. Moreover, Iron man on work of art and funnies consistently gets portrayed as a savvy being. In a portion of the banners, Iron man frequently has this look delineates a geek at work. The producers of Iron man utilized inconceivable deduction ability to concoct a keen iron suit that made the character an incredible hero. From whatever Iron man frequently says in the funnies, one could understand that he regularly talked about angles identified with trend setting innovation. Likewise, the proprietor and producer of the creator iron suit when not at work, is constantly portrayed as being engaged with exercises that require incredible knowledge. Besides, Iron man delineates an indication of certainty to numerous that see his work of art. In taking a gander at one of the banners of iron man in the display store, one is constantly met by the sharp look of Iron man taking a gander at somebody. It is just sure individuals that figure out how to make such look to people. What's more, taking a gander at the Iron man’s body physic, one could understand that on standing, everything about the superhuman was so great. It is through the certainty that such hero picks up prevalence among youngsters and grown-ups keen on those comic books and banners. In having a face veil with a solitary appearance all over, certainty, one generally remains appreciating such a comic. In one of the banners, one could see Iron man shooting some type of vitality from his hands to a lot of scoundrels. His certainty stays as what determines him to do whatever he does best, spare others by the day's end from the hands of the lowlifess. The declaration of certainty from the manner in which the robot casing of iron man strolls while moving toward its foes obviously delineates certainty of the most significant level. The character in being behind an iron protection, the character accepts he could confront any miscreant he ran over. Moreover, in the photos delineating Iron man as flying, his head remains consistently ahead while his hands sideways confronting in reverse, an image of extraordinary trust in whatever one was doing. Iron man in a portion of the comic books and banners likewise portrays a feeling of indestructibility. In wearing an iron suit, one generally felt sure that nothing would hurt the individual controlling the iron suit. What's more, in one of the funnies, one could see an image of iron man being struck by a scoundrel, however

Contribution Margin and Break Even Analysis

Numerous variables become an integral factor in deciding business achievement. One of them is the budgetary factor. For an organization to set monetary objectives it is essential that its administration know in detail the items or administrations they deal or give. This is the investigation of two distinct situations at Aunt Connie's Cookies Simulation (University of Phoenix, 2011) and the money related execution of Jamestown Electric Supply Company (Heiter, et. al. 2008). During both investigation I applied ideas like fixed and variable costs, commitment edge, make back the initial investment point, detachment point, and working influence. Auntie Connie's Cookies Scenario Simulation The Aunt Connie's image developed effectively delivering Lemon Creme and Mint treats. Maria Villanueva is the present CEO of this family-possessed organization (University of Phoenix, 2011). She faces basic choices to make on the grounds that both the lemon creme and mint treats costs expanded and deals volume diminished. Maria ought to apply a few bookkeeping ideas to contact her objective of expanding deals and income for the organization. A few chances and difficulties arranged for Aunt Connie's Cookies like enormous mass requests and the buyout of a contender's processing plant (University of Phoenix, 2011). A confectioner authorized Aunt Connie's Cookies to take care of a mass request of one million bundles of the Real Mint treats conveyed in one month's time. The specifications of the request loads enormously on the organization as the confectioner will just compensation $1. 20 for every bundle, which is a lot less expensive than the mass market selling at $1. 50 for every bundle. Dismissing the request may appear to be silly as Aunt Connie's Cookies has the ability to create the request, and could be passing up a decent chance on the off chance that she decreases to take care of the request (University of Phoenix, 2011). In concluding which treat's creation to diminish, Maria considered the ideas of commitment edge, unit commitment edge, and working benefits. This choice was important to make adequate ability to suit the mint treats mass request. The commitment edge is the measure of cash that remians from the income acquired after deals to pay for fixed costs and to add to the working benefits in the wake of deducting variable costs. Then again, the unit commitment edge of every unit deals, for this situation each pack of treats adds to benefit. At last, working benefit is the benefit earned from an organization's center business activities, otherwise called profit before premium and expense (EBIT). Maria determined the commitment edge and the unit commitment edge for each sort of treat, resolved to diminish the creation of lemon creme treats and to expand the creation limit with regards to the mass request of genuine mint treats. Maria can sell mint treats at $1. 20 for every bundle, underneath the selling cost of $1. 50 on the grounds that the genuine mint treats give a more prominent complete commitment edge and that the lemon cream treats gives a more noteworthy unit commitment edge. Maria realized that Aunt Connie's Cookies should create a greater amount of the treats with the more prominent commitment edge per unit to amplify the shop's working benefit. In the event that the situation changed, and the mass request was for lemon treats, Maria would need to surrender the request to the confectioner. The unit commitment edge for the lemon treats is littler and Maria would need to expand the creation ability to make a similar working benefit concerning the mint treats, to the point of going past the processing plant's creation limit. Maria confronted the chance to purchase a nutty spread treat plant. She could utilize this plant to make more lemon creme treats in light of the fact that the close term request surpassed 600,000 packs. The test for Maria is to settle on a choice about going ahead or not with this business (University of Phoenix, 2011). In the event that the new plant has an equal the initial investment volume of creme treats of 650,000 packs, Maria must guarantee that Aunt Connie's Cookie shop deals a similar measure of packs or more. In the event that the business deals less, it will make a misfortune, on the off chance that it sells more, it will be a benefit. The earn back the original investment point in volume is where the plant's fixed costs are secured. For the situation that Maria considers Aunt Connie's Cookie shop can't sell that much, she may guarantee suitability of the plant by (1) attempting to lessen the fixed costs (e. g. renegotiating rent, decreasing phone charges, protection, and so on ), (2) attempting to diminish variable costs (e. g. buying at lower cost the fixings used to make treats), or (3) expanding the selling cost of the treats. Any of these systems can diminish the earn back the original investment point in volume. In the most noticeably terrible of the situations, Maria ought not accepting the nutty spread treat plant. Key Learning Points. During the reenactment I applied a few ideas, for example, commitment edge, make back the initial investment point, fixed and variable costs, lack of concern point, and working influence. Every one of these ideas interrelate and structure some portion of the cost volume benefit investigation apparatus. The utilization of these ideas by directors assist associations with accomplishing great budgetary execution. Cost volume benefit investigation (CVP examination) is an integral asset that can help directors in seeing better the relationship that exists among the cost, the volume, and the benefit in a business. Supervisors can settle on great business choice on the off chance that they pack in attempting to comprehend the connection that exists among (1) the costs of item or administrations, (2) the degree of action, (3) the volume of item , (4) the variable expense per unit, (4) the complete fixed expenses and (5) and the blend of the item or administrations. Business choice might be about changes to organization's evaluating arrangement, determination of an advertising system to utilize, picking which items to make or administrations to give, and even about the acquision of new organizations. The make back the initial investment point (BEP) is one component of CVP investigation. BEP is the degree of yield at which the benefit is zero. Equal the initial investment investigation assists supervisors with deciding how far deals can decrease before their organizations begin to lose cash. The lack of concern point is the volume at which costs for both work escalated activities and hardware serious tasks are equivalent. At the point when volumes increment, incomes increment. In any case, the nearness of lower variable expenses per unit in hardware concentrated tasks guarantees that the working benefits increment all the more essentially when contrasted with work escalated activities. Hardware escalated tasks have higher fixed expenses and lower variable expenses per until when contrasted with work - serious activities. Jamestown Electric Supply Company. Jamestown Electric Supply Company has been doing business for a long time. The organization plans, produces, and conveys electrical supplies in different structures to various sort of organizations. Jamestown put vigorously in innovative work of car electronic innovation to give its clients present day usefulness, security, and execution. Jamestown items have exceptional highlights that make upper hand to products that clients see as standard highlights on all autos. Jamestown has many various agreements with various divisions and plants of every one of the significant vehicle makers. The greater part of the agreements show great gross overall revenue on deals, however others don't show satisfactory primary concern benefits or show no benefit. Despite the fact that Jamestown's business, keep on rising, benefit declined in the period under examination from 2003 to 2007 as appeared on Exhibit One. Jamestown top chiefs accept that if deals development stayed positive, the issues with the benefit would resolve. Warehousing and transportation directors believe that client support costs are crazy and causing noteworthy cost increments for the organization. Jamestown client administrations incorporate for the time being conveyance of electronic segment items, without a moment to spare stock conveyances to customer's plants, warehousing of customer parts, extraordinary part bolster administrations, and numerous other client administrations intended to pick up and look after customers. Display One. Jamestown Electric Supply Company Income Statements for 2003 to 2007. Electric Supply Company monetary execution is in peril and top administration need to change its client assistance approach and advertising system after cautiously examining the data acquired subsequent to playing out a CVP investigation. The focal point of the investigation ought to be in understanding the connection between item value, volume, per unit variable expense, and the blend of items sold by Jamestown Electric. Figuring the commitment edge on the items which Jamestown Electric deals will permit the board to realize more in detail how much every unit deal will add to the organization benefit. Computing the make back the initial investment point will give data about which items don't bring either benefit or misfortune, and about how far deals can diminish before Jamestown Electric begins to lose cash. James Electric item cost structure has a higher level of variable expenses than in fixed costs, which includes less working influence or hazard. One of he choices the executives ought to consider is to intently screen the variable costs caused by client support so as to build the organization benefits. Jamestown Electrical Supply Company the executives will profit by setting an ordinary calendar to break down commitment edges either month to month or quarterly to follow item edge execution all the more precisely. End Managers can enable their associations to accomplish a decent money related execution when they apply fundamental bookkeeping ideas in their business key plans. Knowing the current connection between these ideas add to guarantee their association's money related achievement.

A Case Study of Tata Companies - 550 Words

Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata Companies (Case Study Sample) Content: Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata CompaniesName:University Affiliation:Introduction Tata group is an international venture having based in India. It has 106 running enterprises, with businesses within above 100 nations all over 6 continents, selling to other countries products as well as services to more than 150 nations. In the year 2009, Tata group was ranked number eleven amongst the best performing companies globally (Kneale, 2009).Tata Groups major subsidiaries and global industry competitiveness A first-class corporate citizenship has been component of the groups DNA as a global competitive strategy. A proportion of about sixty-one percent of the shares of the group is occupied by benevolent trusts, thus restoring wealth to people. On account of this exceptional possession composition and philosophy of helping the society, the name of Tata has been loved for over 142 years. It is trusted in favor of its observance to robust values together with business morals. Each and every Tata enterprise is run separately and possesses its individual BOD as well as shareholders with whomever it is accountable. There are thirty- five Tata publicly-listed subsidiaries. These subsidiaries own a total marketplace capitalization of approximately $152 billion as well as the investor base of about 62 million. Tata Groups major subsidiaries with scale of significance comprise:Tata Steel(TS), Tata Motors(TM), Tata Consultancy Assistances(TCA), Tata Power(TP), Tata Chemicals, Tata International Beverages(TIB), Tata Teleservices(TT), Tata Communications(TC), Tata Indian Hotels (TIH). Several Tata Groups major subsidiaries have attained global leadership within their operations. For example, Tata Communications has been the globes leading general voice carrier .Similarly, Tata Motors been has amongst the best five business vehicle makers within the globe. Tata Steel has been amongst the best ten steelmakers along with TCS tha t has been among the ten leading international IT services corporations. TGB has been the second-biggest participant in tea within the globe. Finally, Tata Chemicals has been the globes second-biggest producer for soda ash. Tata Group products and geographic diversification Through making use of a diverse labor force within their operations, the corporations have created considerable local ventures within different geographies. Employing diverse works in their operation has enabled the companies to combine product and geographic diversification since different workers have diverse talent and abilities. Alongside an increasing global footprint of the enterprises, the product of Tata has similarly gained international recognition through the product and geographical diversification.Tatas alliances and acquisitions Tatas global alliances as well as acquisitions have enabled the company changed from that was deeply based in India to the globes most noticeable multinationals (n.d, 2010). In the year 2013, TS acquired an Anglo-Dutch steel vast company at $13.1 billion; within that similar year, TIH Limited Corporation compensated $135 million on behalf of an august Ritz-Carlton inn found in Boston then shocked the metropoliss leader Brahmins through renaming it as Boston Taj. TMs $2.4 billion acquisition of JLR acknowledged much press as well as analyst consideration (Ann, 2010). The acquisitions and alliances have made Tata companies to compete favorably for market for their products with other multinational corporations.Drive for future growth As a strategy of moving forward, Tata companies should build multinational businesses which aspire to distinguish ... A Case Study of Tata Companies - 550 Words Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata Companies (Case Study Sample) Content: Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata CompaniesName:University Affiliation:Introduction Tata group is an international venture having based in India. It has 106 running enterprises, with businesses within above 100 nations all over 6 continents, selling to other countries products as well as services to more than 150 nations. In the year 2009, Tata group was ranked number eleven amongst the best performing companies globally (Kneale, 2009).Tata Groups major subsidiaries and global industry competitiveness A first-class corporate citizenship has been component of the groups DNA as a global competitive strategy. A proportion of about sixty-one percent of the shares of the group is occupied by benevolent trusts, thus restoring wealth to people. On account of this exceptional possession composition and philosophy of helping the society, the name of Tata has been loved for over 142 years. It is trusted in favor of its observance to robust values together with business morals. Each and every Tata enterprise is run separately and possesses its individual BOD as well as shareholders with whomever it is accountable. There are thirty- five Tata publicly-listed subsidiaries. These subsidiaries own a total marketplace capitalization of approximately $152 billion as well as the investor base of about 62 million. Tata Groups major subsidiaries with scale of significance comprise:Tata Steel(TS), Tata Motors(TM), Tata Consultancy Assistances(TCA), Tata Power(TP), Tata Chemicals, Tata International Beverages(TIB), Tata Teleservices(TT), Tata Communications(TC), Tata Indian Hotels (TIH). Several Tata Groups major subsidiaries have attained global leadership within their operations. For example, Tata Communications has been the globes leading general voice carrier .Similarly, Tata Motors been has amongst the best five business vehicle makers within the globe. Tata Steel has been amongst the best ten steelmakers along with TCS tha t has been among the ten leading international IT services corporations. TGB has been the second-biggest participant in tea within the globe. Finally, Tata Chemicals has been the globes second-biggest producer for soda ash. Tata Group products and geographic diversification Through making use of a diverse labor force within their operations, the corporations have created considerable local ventures within different geographies. Employing diverse works in their operation has enabled the companies to combine product and geographic diversification since different workers have diverse talent and abilities. Alongside an increasing global footprint of the enterprises, the product of Tata has similarly gained international recognition through the product and geographical diversification.Tatas alliances and acquisitions Tatas global alliances as well as acquisitions have enabled the company changed from that was deeply based in India to the globes most noticeable multinationals (n.d, 2010). In the year 2013, TS acquired an Anglo-Dutch steel vast company at $13.1 billion; within that similar year, TIH Limited Corporation compensated $135 million on behalf of an august Ritz-Carlton inn found in Boston then shocked the metropoliss leader Brahmins through renaming it as Boston Taj. TMs $2.4 billion acquisition of JLR acknowledged much press as well as analyst consideration (Ann, 2010). The acquisitions and alliances have made Tata companies to compete favorably for market for their products with other multinational corporations.Drive for future growth As a strategy of moving forward, Tata companies should build multinational businesses which aspire to distinguish ...

The Jim Crow Laws Stranglehold On The American People

Separate but equal. These three words were used to justify the countless lynchings, riots, as well as legal segregation. The Jim Crow laws stranglehold on the American people was slowly diminishing. The racist regimes which dictated that African Americans be granted the basic rights but not a thing more, only perpetuated the idea of keeping the African Americans as second class citizens, was slowly coming to a close. Langston Hughes could not accept to be thrown into being a second class citizen when at one time he was treated as an equal. Hughs knew that one day, people would judge others by their character, not by the color of their skin. The theme of equality as well as the unique sense of liberating American freedom is prevalent all throughout I, Too, Sing America. This poem is a protest against the rapid discrimination that was still ongoing, despite the advances to bridge the race gap that were made. This theme is developed by the extended metaphor which continued throughout th e poem, an allusion as well as a expansion upon a earlier piece of literature called I Hear America Singing; which preaches a similar message that Hughs is trying to convey, his strong diction which evokes even stronger emotions with its imagery of the rich African American culture, as well as the stark contrasts that lie within the American society. Langston Hughs reviewed the work of Walt Whitman, as well as the general theme, prevailed of hope as well as equality. From there, HughsShow MoreRelatedThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1080 Words   |  5 Pageskey figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about race relations. DuBois lists how blacks have been crippled economically, socially, and politically by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws after reconstructionRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education: Case Study1745 Words   |  7 Pageswhich pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segre gated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterparts. The assumptions made in Plessy versus Ferguson were based on the false premise that it was possible to sustain equality in a racist environment. The African-American schools were not equal. The steps leadingRead MoreThe World War I And The Soviet Union1696 Words   |  7 Pagesambitiously pursued isolationism as the solution to international affairs. As the country focused more on domestic issues because of both the swelling isolationist sentiment and eventually the Great Depression, the racial boundaries created by the Jim Crow laws segregated blacks, many of whom were struggling to escape the vicious lifestyle of sharecropping. Victims to a single cash crop economy, black and white Southern sharecroppers harvested an overproduced cotton crop tying them to the land and adding

Essay on Aeronautical Decision Making - 1344 Words

Introduction According to the Air Safety Institute (ASI) (2014), during the past ten years, 264 accidents were caused by continued Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). Eighty-nine percent of these accidents were fatal causing hundreds of deaths. Despite initiatives by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) these statistics continue to be a concern for the aviation community. Previous quantitative research has focused on identification of causal factors, decision making process and new technology (Shappell Wiegmann, 2009). Recent efforts have investigated and evaluated the effectiveness of safety programs intended to mitigate risks†¦show more content†¦The detailed documentation of this process can provide rich data to increase the aviation community’s understanding of what aeronautical decision making looks like. My overarching question is how do university affiliated flight school students apply aeronautical decision making in regards to weather? The secondary research questions are: 1.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University perceive weather hazards? 2.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University evaluate level of risks? 3.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University perform risk management? Justification for the Theoretical Paradigm and Tradition of Inquiry Few extant studies investigate the weather decision making process using qualitative research methods. Therefore, I propose an instrumental case study to investigate the aeronautical decision making process at a university affiliated flight school between 2014 and 2015. A case study is appropriate when developing an in-depth analysis of an event, program, activity or more than one individual. 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Training pilots is one factor that has to be balanced by decision-making skills such as a great

Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Example For Students

Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Higher Standards: Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Where is the standardized test that can measure passion for learning, respect for others, and human empathy? These are the words of Tom McKenna, a disgruntled high school teacher from Portland, Oregon. Like many other educators and students across the nation, Tom is tired of the system. The educational system today is composed of a series of standardized tests. Standardized tests are bad for many reasons. They cause teachers to limit their curriculum, put low-level income and minority students at a disadvantage, cause school districts to focus too heavily on raising test scores, and extract the passion for learning from students. In many cases teachers are encouraged to teach only material that will be seen on certain standardized tests. For this reason, teachers are forced to extract superfluous material from the course. Instead, teachers focus only on specific items from the test. Students are encouraged to memorize isolated facts and regurgitate short responses. In an article published by the FairTest organization, this method is called teaching the test. Teaching the test seems to be conducive to improving test-taking skills but real academic progression is not always represented. The aforementioned Tom McKenna was put in this very predicament. In his article titled, The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests he tells a story of two of his high school students engaged in a project which enthralled their interest in an unlikely subject. McKenna had become friends with a man named Sol Shapiro. Shapiro, now in a retirement home, had once been a resident in South Portland, Oregon, which was a Jewish immigrant community. McKennas students accompanied him to Shapiros house in order to conduct an interview. A few seconds into the interview Shapiro broke down in tears and the students immediately turned off the video camera and tape recorder. The students comforted Sol. They finished the interview, much of which was unrecorded. McKenna noted that these students had an increased interest in oral history following the interview. They wanted more. he noted. He then adds, Unfortunately, given the demands of current educational reform in Oregon, teachers are finding it difficult to give students the more they desire. McKenna was referring to the fact that teachers in Oregon are encouraged to strive to do well on standardized tests, leaving little time to cover other matters. The pressure that is involved has a trickle down effect. Everyone is evaluated by test scores. Principals are evaluated by the school board and teachers by the principals. Standardized tests are used more so today in the United States than ever before. These tests are used to see if young children are ready to begin school, to track progress throughout the school system, to diagnose learning disabilities, to promote or retain students from the next level, to gage competitiveness amongst other high school graduates, and many other things. There is a ripple effect of standardized tests as well. Since schools focus mainly on material that is covered on standardized tests, programs that do not appear on such tests get omitted from schools altogether. These programs include music, physical education, and the arts. These types of classes have proven to be extremely important in the developmental process of young minds. Caleb Rossiter, a statistician at American University in Washington D.C. complains, They dont see what the effort to bring up the scores is doing to the curriculum. They dont see the dispiriting effect of scrapping art, music and physical education because they are not on the tests. The types of students that are hurt most by standardized testing are minority students and low-level income students. When these students perform poorly on standardized tests, they are likely to be placed in slow classes. These types of classes focus almost exclusively on drill and memorization. This type of method is used because it produces higher test scores which seems to be the only concern. .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .postImageUrl , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:visited , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:active { border:0!important; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:active , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arts in Education Essay The interests of the student in the long run are seldom taken into account. According to FairTest, being in this sort of environment ensures these students will fall further and further behind their peers. However, it is not just minority and low-income students that are hurt by students that are hurt by standardized .

Internet Regulation Essays (1120 words) - Pornography Law

Internet Regulation Computer, Internet, Privacy INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACE The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphics into the homes of pe ople all over the world. The government must take control to prevent pornographers from using the Internet however they see fit because they are breaking laws that have existed for years. Cyberpunks, those most popularly associated with the Internet, are members of a rebellious society that are polluting these networks with information containing pornography, racism, and other forms of explicit information. When they start rooting around for a crime, new cybercops are entering a pretty unfriendly environment. Cyberspace, especially the Internet, is full of those who embrace a frontier culture that is hostile to authority and fearful that any intrusions of police or government will destroy their self-regulating world.5 The self-regulating environment desired by the cyberpunks is an opportunity to do whatever they want. The Communications Decency Act is an attempt on part of the government to control their free attitude displayed in homepages such as Sex, Adult Pictures, X-Rated Porn, Hot Sleazy Pictures (Cum again + again) and sex, sex, sex. heck, it's better even better than real sex6. What we are doing is simply making the same laws, held constitutional time and time again by the courts with regard to obscenity and indecency through the mail and telephones, applicable to the Internet.7 To keep these kinds of pictures off home computers, the government must control information on the Internet, just as it controls obscenity through the mail or on the phone. Legislative regulations must be made to control information on the Internet because the displaying or distribution of obscene material is illegal. The courts have generally held that obscenity is illegal under all circumstances for all ages, while indecency is generally allowable to adults, but that laws protecting children from this lesser form are acceptable. It's called protecting those among us who are children from the vagrancies of adults.8 The constitution of the United States has set regulations to determine what is categorized as obscenity and what is not. In Miller vs. California, 413 U.S. at 24-25, the court announced its Miller Test and held,

The Definition of a Dermal Denticle

The Definition of a Dermal Denticle Dermal denticles (placoid scales) are tough scales that cover the skin of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). Even though denticles are similar to scales, they are actually just modified teeth and are covered with hard enamel. These structures are packed tightly together and grow with their tips facing backward, giving the skin a rough feel if you run your finger from tail to head, and a smooth feel from head to tail. What Dermal Denticles Do The main function of these denticles is for protection against predators, kind of like a naturally occurring  chainmail armor, although in some sharks they have a hydrodynamic function. The denticles reduce turbulence and drag which allows the shark to swim faster and covertly. Some swimsuit manufacturers are trying to replicate sharks denticles in swimsuit material in order to help swimmers cut through the water faster.   Like our teeth, dermal denticles have an inner core of pulp (made up of connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves), covered by a layer of dentine (hard calcareous material). This is covered with an enamel-like vitrodentine, which provides a hard outer casing. While scales in bony fish grow as the fish gets large, dermal denticles stop growing after they reach a certain size. More denticles are added later as the fish grows.

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War - Essay Example The first and foremost issue that confronted Nixon was the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Moreover the moral decays evidenced in the events of â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and civilian cost in the operation â€Å"Speedy Express† infuriated the silent majority of the American to raise their voice against the war.1 But such a demand from the American mass posed a great dilemma for Nixon Government. On one hand Nixon had to retain the sublimity of the US image in the power politics in the international field during the rising tension of Cold War.2 But it was not possible through a quick Military withdrawal from war. On the other hand, he had to pacify the outraged mob who massively could contribute to his failure in the next election in case he failed to manage a decent way-out while retaining the sublimity of the US image. At home Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam wa r† says- that â€Å"If his plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed this situation was reflected greatly and played crucial role in shaping Nixon’s policy for the Vietnam War. Now though Nixon became successful to retain his position in the Oval Office in the election of 1973 and also to retain the US big-brother image in international power politics, he failed, to a great extent, to help the war. But in return he had to turn the upside of the US foreign policy down by sacrificing America’s image as the savior of â€Å"Democracy†.4 Nixon’s offensive stance, the â€Å"Madman† doctrine seems to lie at the root of all these failures, because it can be convened tha t his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The root of the Vietnam War dates back in the year 1955. An in-depth analysis of the war is essentially bound to yield the fact that the war fairly turns from the colonial struggle of the French into the war of the US democratic interest. From the viewpoint of the US Government the US involvement in the war was meant to prevent the proliferation of communism over South Vietnam. But as per the North Vietnamese people as well as the common Vietnamese’s view, the war was the Vietnamese struggle against the colonial power, which was initially fought against the French. But later it turned against South Vietnam that was backed by the US Army. During the Cold War after the Second World War, the US Foreign Policy Makers concentrated their attention to hold the US power on the regional politics in Asia. As a legacy of this policy, the Johnson Government grabbed the opportunity to strengthen its hold on South Vietnam. Obviously the propaganda behind the US Military reinforcement was that â€Å"non-communist South Vietnam was invaded by communist North Vietnam and that the United States came to the aid of the â€Å"democratic† regime in the South†.5 According to Pilger, the US reason to involve in the war is still vague because the US involvement

In Fighting Obesity, are Calories, Carbohydrates or Fat Grams the Research Paper

In Fighting Obesity, are Calories, Carbohydrates or Fat Grams the Enemy - Research Paper Example population (Dietz, 2009). Research studies reveal that obesity is found to be associated with numerous chronic health states counting diabetes, stroke, heart diseases, high blood pressure (Glied, 2003). The number is increasing constantly and thereby obesity does not come alone but in association with other chronic conditions, radically enhancing the cost of healthcare. In order to afford the essential therapeutic concern and management, it requires to deal with comorbid states, resulting in the financial burden on the nation as well as deficit in upcoming healthcare endowment. Besides, an augmenting demands of health care facilities is observed, hence a complicated situation is portrayed. A more wide-ranging interdisciplinary research is required to have an insight to understand the situation (Glied, 2003). As obesity has emerged as an issue that is engulfing the well-being of individuals of the present epoch and is rising as an epidemic in the United States of America. The incidenc e of obesity amongst adults has become two fold in past couple of decades intensifying the health concern and related issues of the inhabitants (Flegal, 2010). Obesity condenses eminence of life, enhances the probability of untimely death, augments the jeopardy for numerous persistent diseases, related to heart such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, other related disorders like high cholesterol levels, sleep apnea, overweight resulting in orthopaedic problems, early signs of puberty in case of obese kids, reduced life expectancy, stroke, obesity enhances the possibilities of witnessing Type 2 diabetes, elevated BMI, cancer, arthritis, metabolic disorders and other related anomalies (US Department of Health and Human Services: The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Obesity). Obesity not only brings concern about health, but it adds to the financial burden too. Obesity augments the health care costs. Estimates reveal that obesity accounts for approx imately 10% of yearly medical expenses, increasing the obesity-associated medical costs to $147 billion in 2008 (Finkelstein. 2009). Obesity has reached an alarming position in USA, and two well distinguished categories have been demonstrated namely obese and extreme obese. Findings disclose that over one-third adults of United States are found to be obese during the year 2007–2008 (Flegal, 2010). According to The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the incidence of obesity in the United States could be estimated by means of data for height to weight ratio. The prevalence rate of obesity displays that there was a steady increase in obesity equally in both the sexes belonging to all ages from 1976 -1980 to 1988-1994. On the other hand, the trend in obesity augmentation between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000 was significant in other ages except for the males belonging to the age between 40 to 59 years. While data analysis from 2001-2002 to 2003-2004 recommended escalating trends since 1999-2000 in males and not in females (Ogden, 2006).? Obesity trends also varies between the ethnic and racial communal groups which is displayed by means of BMI, a helpful tool to measure obesity for the examination and comparison of the obesity and to procure data in a standard format across the world as BMI indicates the percentage of body fat (Bouchard, 2008). Causes of Obesity As described by Glied,

A Language Killer Essay Example for Free

A Language Killer Essay It is undeniable that English language is a powerful language. It is spoken in most part of the world especially in developed countries for instance the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. This is an inescapable process of globalization, the process of extending social relations across world-space. Globalization leads to the commonness of English in several fields such as science, technology, economy, politic etc. The result of this is English dominating the world and disregarding minority languages. That is why English language is often named as â€Å"a killer language† that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use. The phenomenon of the exclusive use of English is caused by the attitude of a person or a community toward English. This attitude cannot be directly observed, it can be seen from the expression of positive or negative feeling toward it. This attitude may enable a language to grow and prosper or to decay and die. In this case, while English as a global language is growing, other minority languages are dying. The prominent reason for English dominating the world is positive feeling of speakers toward it which reflects in degree of importance, elegance, and social status. For instance in the degree of importance, English holds an important role in education, technology, politic and economy. The speakers of it feel that it is important to be able to speak and understand English because a wide range of information is provided in English. Beside there is a common believe in countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language that knowing English makes people clever, to speak English is all we needed, when someone speaks English we think he is educated, when someone speaks English it creates a good impression for him, speaking English helps to get a job, people who speak English have more friends, people would like to be considered as a speaker of English, if they have children they want them to speak English, and they feel sorry for people who cannot speak English. I myself also feel the same ways. Those kinds of feeling lead English become a dominating language on earth. The consequence of this attitude is English as international language will spread widely. English becomes such a need which is required to be fulfilled in today’s life. Everyone has to be able to understand English, both orally and written. While this is happening, on the other parts of the world there are some less powerful languages which are trying to survive or even dead. Regarding to this phenomenon, UNESCO classifies languages as follows: When the number of people speaking a language is actively growing, it is considered healthy. When children are no longer taught a language, it is considered endangered. When a language is spoken by only a handful of elderly people, it is considered moribund. When no one at all speaks a language as a first language, it is considered extinct. It is so sad to know that from thousands of languages on earth; almost half of people of the world speak one of six dominant languages, English, Mandarin Chinese, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. The other small languages are left behind. It is very important to preserve languages in terms of protecting any cultures. If it not, the world will become monotonous. Even if English language is very influential, we should maintain our identity, our nationality, that we have our own language that we can be proud of. Language will just die if the people will obviously no longer use it, but preserving it is one way of showing to the whole world how united we are as a nation because language is a keystone of culture.

Internet restrictions :: essays research papers

I believe that World Wide Web restrictions should not be allowed. I believe that they are not helpful to the people that use the World Wide Web. I feel that the restrictions on the World Wide Web at school are too strict. At school most sites you try to view are prohibited and they are totally harmless sites. I feel that at school the only restrictions that should be put on the World Wide Web are restrictions to pornographic sites. Even these sites should not be blocked because some harmless sites have web addresses that would seem like a pornographic site but end up being a totally harmless site. With the block at school some of these harmless sites are blocked and therefor limiting the web user who made need information from sites like these. Most students know better than to visit pornographic sites at school. So this block that forbids students to visit most sites just hurts the students learning ability in some cases. There should not be a block on the World Wide Web at school and if a student does visit a pornographic site then they should be prosecuted or disciplined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have used the World Wide Web ever since I was about 10 years old or so. I have found that restrictions on the World Wide Web just make researching a lot more frustrating. I hate it when I am searching for a site that would be very useful but is restricted because it falls into the blocked sites of the ones that are blocked because they are pornographic. I love researching on the World Wide Web because it is so much easier than using an encyclopedia. Most of the time the World Wide Web has a lot more to offer than an encyclopedia. You can not watch a movie of an experiment in an encyclopedia like you can on the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is big with many sites so it is hard to restrict sites and usually is done inefficiently therefor it is blocking harmless sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People that visit pornographic sites in college as an art may find a restriction on the World Wide Web to be totally stupid. They may need these sites to pass a class and the restrictions would only hurt them. Restrictions would only be limiting their knowledge so this is why I feel that restrictions would be unconstitutional. Internet restrictions :: essays research papers I believe that World Wide Web restrictions should not be allowed. I believe that they are not helpful to the people that use the World Wide Web. I feel that the restrictions on the World Wide Web at school are too strict. At school most sites you try to view are prohibited and they are totally harmless sites. I feel that at school the only restrictions that should be put on the World Wide Web are restrictions to pornographic sites. Even these sites should not be blocked because some harmless sites have web addresses that would seem like a pornographic site but end up being a totally harmless site. With the block at school some of these harmless sites are blocked and therefor limiting the web user who made need information from sites like these. Most students know better than to visit pornographic sites at school. So this block that forbids students to visit most sites just hurts the students learning ability in some cases. There should not be a block on the World Wide Web at school and if a student does visit a pornographic site then they should be prosecuted or disciplined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have used the World Wide Web ever since I was about 10 years old or so. I have found that restrictions on the World Wide Web just make researching a lot more frustrating. I hate it when I am searching for a site that would be very useful but is restricted because it falls into the blocked sites of the ones that are blocked because they are pornographic. I love researching on the World Wide Web because it is so much easier than using an encyclopedia. Most of the time the World Wide Web has a lot more to offer than an encyclopedia. You can not watch a movie of an experiment in an encyclopedia like you can on the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is big with many sites so it is hard to restrict sites and usually is done inefficiently therefor it is blocking harmless sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People that visit pornographic sites in college as an art may find a restriction on the World Wide Web to be totally stupid. They may need these sites to pass a class and the restrictions would only hurt them. Restrictions would only be limiting their knowledge so this is why I feel that restrictions would be unconstitutional.

Early Cold War Essay

The term Cold War was first introduced by Bernard Baruch, an American businessman and political adviser to every President from Woodrow Wilson to John F. Kennedy (â€Å"Bernard Baruch†). It was a time of mutual distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies which begun after World War II. From Democracy in America’s author, Alexis de Tocqueville, â€Å"There are now two great nations in the world, which starting from different points, seem to be advancing toward the same goal: the Russians and the Anglo-Americans. . . . Each seems called by some secret design of Providence one day to hold in its hands the destinies of half the world† (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). The primary concern of the United States during the early years of the Cold War was the political threat of the spread of Communist ideology from the Soviet Union (Zinn, 1980). Further back in its history, Russia exhibited radical tendencies by overthrowing Tsar Nicholas, followed by the Bolshevik Revolution, the unification under Lenin where Communism’s seed began to sprout and continued by Stalin (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). A history of military intervention in Eastern Europe climaxing in 1948 in the overthrow of the democratic government in Czechoslovakia by a communist coup were thrown as examples of Soviet expansionism. This reminded the American public of the atrocities of Hitler (Zinn, 1980). And with him in mind the United States and its western European allies began to see Stalin as a threat (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). The more fearful concern was the Soviet Union’s revitalizing industry after badly scathed by the aftermath of World War II and its increasing military strength (Zinn, 1980). The United States slowly exercised its economic might by refusing to aid any post-war reconstruction in Russia as approved by the U. S. Congress in 1945, a major about face in policy under the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 wherein the U. S. shipped huge amounts of war equipments to Russia (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). Coming from the huge gains of World War II, the United States was also wary of regimes opposed to its capitalist structure. That fear was best exhibited by the emergence of Soviet Union as a global power with an ideology opposed to democratic and industrial capitalist principles of the United States (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). Americans generally fear revolution. They fear â€Å"change — real, fundamental social, economic and political change† (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). Fro all its democratic talk, America has a history of suppressing true liberalism and radicalism. The Soviets also had their share of fears in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, Stalin feared that democratic principles would be forced upon the Communist tenets of the Soviet Union. He believed the two principles cannot co-exist. As he warned in his speech, capitalism and imperialism made future wars inevitable (â€Å"Episode 2: Iron Curtain 1945-1947†). Stalin also was aware of the United States expanding influence all over the world. He was wary of this move and pressured Turkey, a country located strategically on the southern borders of Soviet Union, for a Soviet military presence in the Darnanelles and the Bosporus. Turkey was then influenced by Great Britain and eventually aided by the United States. The atomic bomb that was dropped in Japan started the concept of the nuclear arms race which the Soviet Union was interested to join. But Stalin received intelligence reports that the Americans â€Å"would not share atomic secrets with the Soviet Union† (Zubok, â€Å"Cold War Chat†). The mutual distrust and fears of both the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in actions that further shaped the history of the Cold War. The United States’s fear of the possible spread of Soviet Communist ideology led to their policy of containment. What is now known as the Truman Doctrine paved the way to the formal declaration of cold war against the Soviet Union. This was the famous speech of President Truman to the U. S. Congress asking for $400 million to aid Greece and Turkey’s fight against communism (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). The containment policy of the United States involves military interventions to countries where Communism was viewed to thrive. The most famous display of the containment policy was the Vietnam War which started in 1950 under President Truman’s administration. Armed with the U. S. Congress resolution named Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, President Johnson further escalated the war by bombing North Vietnam and continuing to send as many as 540,000 troops by the end of 1968. As more Americans left and died in Vietnam, the anti-war sentiments back home put pressure on the government. The Nixon years saw the continuance of the Vietnam War with the expansion of hostilities in Laos and Cambodia. Nixon’s Vietnamization policy of providing military aid but not troops proved to be a temporary success. A 1972 preliminary peace draft in Paris was initially rejected. By 1973, Nixon convinced Hanoi and Saigon’s President Nguyen van Thieu to sign the Paris Peace Agreement which ended the hostilities between the United States and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The containment policy also played a role in the creation on April 4, 1949 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), currently an alliance of 26 countries from North America and Europe. This was the outcome of Europe’s fears of another Soviet aggression in the guise of Stalin when they were just about to rebuild after Hitler’s dictatorship. Western Europe also needed the assurance of the United States’s protection while they started to rebuild from the ruins of World War II. NATO members’ common grounds are said to include the same democratic ideology and capitalist structure of economy (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). In the late 1940s to 1950s both the United States and Soviet Union sought to build their military arsenal. For the United States, this gave way to military integration, the passing by Congress of the National Security Act in 1947 which created the Department of Defence, the National Security Council, and the Central Intelligence Agency (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). On the Soviet side, they detonated an atomic bomb of their own in 1949. The first H-bomb was also detonated by the United States in 1952. Not to be outdone, the Soviets detonated a fusion bomb in 1953 (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). NSC-68, a policy the United States adopted in 1950 raised defense spending to staggering amounts, up to $60 billion dollars, â€Å"a symbol of America’s determination to win the cold war regardless of cost (Kreis, â€Å"The Origins of the Cold War†). Although the Cold War has now officially ended, the United States, the only legitimate superpower left, continues to establish a world order that caters to its capitalist structure. Military interventions have been part of its policy if it serves U. S. interests. During the Cold War, the goal was the containment of Communism. At the present, terrorism is the new battle cry. It is said the United States owns a very large percentage of the world’s wealth while it tries to suppress those who oppose to its capitalistic tenets. Currently, we are seeing the emergence of a possible superpower like China. It has been known as the sleeping giant and could be a contender to displace the United States from its current status. Whether there will be another Cold War by any other name, only time will tell. References Bernard Baruch. Answers. com. Retrieved 10 December 2006 from the Web: http://www. answers. com/topic/bernard-baruch Cold War (1998). CNN. com. Retrieved December 10, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/cold. war/episodes/02/ The Origins of the Cold War (2006). TheHistory Guide Website. Retrieved December 10, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. historyguide. org/europe/lecture14. html Zinn, Howard. (1980). A People’s History of the United States. Retrieved December 10, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. writing. upenn. edu/~afilreis/50s/zinn-chap16. html Zubok, Vladislav Dr. (1998, October 4). [COLD WAR chat moderated by COLD WAR reporter Bruce Kennedy for CNN’s COLD WAR series]. COLD War Chat: Dr. Vladislav Zubok, Historian. Retrieved December 10, 2006 from the Web: http://www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/cold. war/guides/debate/chats/zubok/

Marketing Objectives Of The Healthy Vending Machine Company

Marketing objectives Marketing is a fundamental aspect of the success of any company. The healthy vending machine company has established its marketing objectives that will ensure that the word about its company spreads fast and, therefore, help to implement their marketing plan. The marketing targets of the organization are: To promote product awareness The company has an objective to promote the knowledge of the healthly vending machines to people around different industries and to increase the interest of the devices to people who are already aware of them. To establish the company in the industry The company aims at ensuring that they are recognized as a leading company in its industry and rise above the noise in the market that is caused by competition. To promote sales The company aims at improving their sales to ensure that there is a high return on the investment and maximize the profits that the company targets to accomplish. 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