Public Policy – Agricultural credit

Horticultural approach is a lot of decides that are identified with residential farming and imports of food items. The administrations of each state executes these arrangement of rules with the point of tenderizing about a sound solidness in the residential agricultureâ markets and to shield the enthusiasm of the ranchers from gracefully levels, value rise, land use and rural subsidies.The rural appropriations, advances and different types of credits that are offered to the cultivating network is cash paid to them at died down rates so as to assist them with defeating the issues of rising maintenanceâ and creation costs, supplement their salaries, and assurance from inflations.For model, the United States Agricultural office, surveys its strategies like clockwork and consents to sponsor a rested products at regular intervals. Between the time of 1996 and 2002, a normal of $16 billion/year credit was paid to the ranchers at financed rates.According to the individuals who favor agr ibusiness credit to ranchers, the credit approaches and rural endowments offer ranchers additional salary and market protection.It likewise encourages the ranchers to contend in the global market For instance, in the year 2002, the United States paid an extra 52 pennies for each bushel of wheat, and simultaneously additionally guaranteed a cost of 3.86 from 2002â€03 and 3.92 from 2004â€2007.Experts who contradict these rural arrangements set somewhere near the administration, contend that the ranchers don't need such awards as they have just got a reasonable arrangement. They proceed with that there are equal dangers in different business as in agribusiness, so for what reason is the cultivating network given more benefitsBACKGROUND â€The principle point of this paper is to examine the open strategies towards the Agriculture credit and the future possibility of assets and other loaning programs that can be accessible for the agrarian banks. It is accepted that these governm ent arrangements identified with agribusiness credit can loan a significant job in deciding the remain of the various banks in financing the horticulture sector.Credit has become a critical instrument of the agrarian strategies and the vast majority of these approaches with time have given ensured serious advance rates on these assets, in this way giving some assistance during the time spent change of the rural area into an exceptionally modernized and capital proficient one.Most of the ranchers are needy upon the assets for their yearly creation and furthermore to claim land and the figures show a considerable ascent in the degree of obligations as the expansion rises.The paper gives a prologue to a portion of the approaches and afterward surveys the possibilities and the general acknowledge conditions along for the job of Federal, involvement.Also examined here is the capacity of these subsidizing organizations to support the developing needs of the farming part and by what method can these credit approaches make a beneficial outcome on the segment. These strategies contribute intensely in the value assurance of land costs and assimilation of ranch possession and production.The paper additionally examines the adjusted game plan and financial character of the horticulture part which is proposed so as to rethink the job of open organizations which offer credit to the farmers.INTRODUCTIONMost the ongoing agribusiness credit programs really started after the First World War, when the earnings of the cultivating network were not steady and unsure.At that time loaning cash was not viewed as protected enough by both the ranchers and the banks as cultivating turned into a dubious area. With these turns of events, the ranchers confronted part of issues in accepting assets and gave higher loan fees than different borrowers anywhere.Soon, the need of a Farm credit framework was built up which incorporated the inclusion of Federal Land Banks, Federal Intermediate credit Banks, Banks for cooperatives and different organizations identified with the Farmers Home Administration which served to enormously build the progression of assets into the rancher community.At nearly a similar time, numerous different projects and activities for the ranchers to expand their pay and lessen the hazard in the cultivating area by realizing cost adjustment and making ranch loaning more simple than before were achieved by the government.The simpler terms and conditions on which the ranchers had the option to get cash and could get account for industrialization of their homesteads supported the change to a profoundly profitable and capital concentrated cultivating sector.Today credits have become the foundation of the ascent of the cultivating segment and significant reasons that are behind the expansion in the conduct of the ranchers to acquire cash are the straightforward financing issues, high creation costs, increment in land costs, hardware and the ability to expan d the size of their creation capability.The high creation costs have diminished the subsidizing capacity of the ranchers to use their own money.Within a range of 30 years, the obligation of the cultivating division had expanded by a mind-boggling figure of $13 billion of every 1950 to a foreseen $158 billion on January 1980’s, alongside the expansion in the estimation of the ranch resources of the ranchers which had extensively multiplied during that period.The ranchers gradually become progressively delicate to the progressions and vacillations that happened in the income, loan costs, and expenses of obligation administration to them. This prompted an expansion in the obtained assets by the cultivating network and reduction in the net homestead livelihoods, consequently expanding the net obligation troubles on the farmers.In various locales over the United Stated, which are situated along the north and the western edges of the corn belt,â the majority of the business banki ng organizations, most strangely the nation banks have come through two years of a sensibly high advance to - store proportions, which achieved various liquidity issues for the ranchers eventually of time.In the vast majority of these areas the business banks and other financing establishments couldn't meet the developing needs of the ranchers and accordingly the financing costs developed by a sensational rate.It was evaluated that the ranch creation costs will ascend by more than twofold the cost and therefore the assets that will be expected to fulfill this interest will develop by more than $250 billion in the coming 10 years when contrasted with an all out cost of $140 billion during the 1980’s.According to these figures, it was assessed that the cultivating network should get the greater part of the cash and it was assessed that the cultivating obligation would be around $700 billion before the year's over 2000.At a similar time, the benefit estimation of the ranchers wi ll likewise increment to $3.5 trillion and the proportion between the obligations to resource esteems won't rise higher than 17%.The expanding and costs, rivalry of the advance assets, ranch costs, would all be able to make it hard for the ranchers and particularly the individuals who have no other wellspring of pay to finance their cultivating needs. Taking a gander at this examination of the patterns, a few changes and agrarian approaches were presented.

The Image of Iron Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Image of Iron Man - Essay Example To many, Iron man stays known as a superhuman and along these lines various things need consistently to be remembered for the creation of his work of art. Iron man subsequently speaks to control, insight, certainty and indestructibility. Iron man stays as a delegate of image of intensity. At some point, while visiting a workmanship exhibition of Iron man in the area, I figured out how to go over the comic displays of Iron man. Meeting one’s eyes from far, one could generally perceive Iron man from the red iron suit that he continually has. Red being an image of threat, consistently guarantees that it draws in people’s consideration toward that heading. What's more, the eyes of Iron man are constantly delineated as continually gleaming consequently transmitting a greatness of intensity being driven from a source. The splendid light that continually encompasses the foundation of Iron man in huge numbers of the funnies portrays the idea of a superhuman. In one of the comic books, one could plainly observe the complexity among scalawags and Iron Man essentially by the play of light and dimness. Iron man consistently catches everyone's eye when looked from far because of his brilliant attire and alluring outfit. Moreover, Iron man on work of art and funnies consistently gets portrayed as a savvy being. In a portion of the banners, Iron man frequently has this look delineates a geek at work. The producers of Iron man utilized inconceivable deduction ability to concoct a keen iron suit that made the character an incredible hero. From whatever Iron man frequently says in the funnies, one could understand that he regularly talked about angles identified with trend setting innovation. Likewise, the proprietor and producer of the creator iron suit when not at work, is constantly portrayed as being engaged with exercises that require incredible knowledge. Besides, Iron man delineates an indication of certainty to numerous that see his work of art. In taking a gander at one of the banners of iron man in the display store, one is constantly met by the sharp look of Iron man taking a gander at somebody. It is just sure individuals that figure out how to make such look to people. What's more, taking a gander at the Iron man’s body physic, one could understand that on standing, everything about the superhuman was so great. It is through the certainty that such hero picks up prevalence among youngsters and grown-ups keen on those comic books and banners. In having a face veil with a solitary appearance all over, certainty, one generally remains appreciating such a comic. In one of the banners, one could see Iron man shooting some type of vitality from his hands to a lot of scoundrels. His certainty stays as what determines him to do whatever he does best, spare others by the day's end from the hands of the lowlifess. The declaration of certainty from the manner in which the robot casing of iron man strolls while moving toward its foes obviously delineates certainty of the most significant level. The character in being behind an iron protection, the character accepts he could confront any miscreant he ran over. Moreover, in the photos delineating Iron man as flying, his head remains consistently ahead while his hands sideways confronting in reverse, an image of extraordinary trust in whatever one was doing. Iron man in a portion of the comic books and banners likewise portrays a feeling of indestructibility. In wearing an iron suit, one generally felt sure that nothing would hurt the individual controlling the iron suit. What's more, in one of the funnies, one could see an image of iron man being struck by a scoundrel, however

Contribution Margin and Break Even Analysis

Numerous variables become an integral factor in deciding business achievement. One of them is the budgetary factor. For an organization to set monetary objectives it is essential that its administration know in detail the items or administrations they deal or give. This is the investigation of two distinct situations at Aunt Connie's Cookies Simulation (University of Phoenix, 2011) and the money related execution of Jamestown Electric Supply Company (Heiter, et. al. 2008). During both investigation I applied ideas like fixed and variable costs, commitment edge, make back the initial investment point, detachment point, and working influence. Auntie Connie's Cookies Scenario Simulation The Aunt Connie's image developed effectively delivering Lemon Creme and Mint treats. Maria Villanueva is the present CEO of this family-possessed organization (University of Phoenix, 2011). She faces basic choices to make on the grounds that both the lemon creme and mint treats costs expanded and deals volume diminished. Maria ought to apply a few bookkeeping ideas to contact her objective of expanding deals and income for the organization. A few chances and difficulties arranged for Aunt Connie's Cookies like enormous mass requests and the buyout of a contender's processing plant (University of Phoenix, 2011). A confectioner authorized Aunt Connie's Cookies to take care of a mass request of one million bundles of the Real Mint treats conveyed in one month's time. The specifications of the request loads enormously on the organization as the confectioner will just compensation $1. 20 for every bundle, which is a lot less expensive than the mass market selling at $1. 50 for every bundle. Dismissing the request may appear to be silly as Aunt Connie's Cookies has the ability to create the request, and could be passing up a decent chance on the off chance that she decreases to take care of the request (University of Phoenix, 2011). In concluding which treat's creation to diminish, Maria considered the ideas of commitment edge, unit commitment edge, and working benefits. This choice was important to make adequate ability to suit the mint treats mass request. The commitment edge is the measure of cash that remians from the income acquired after deals to pay for fixed costs and to add to the working benefits in the wake of deducting variable costs. Then again, the unit commitment edge of every unit deals, for this situation each pack of treats adds to benefit. At last, working benefit is the benefit earned from an organization's center business activities, otherwise called profit before premium and expense (EBIT). Maria determined the commitment edge and the unit commitment edge for each sort of treat, resolved to diminish the creation of lemon creme treats and to expand the creation limit with regards to the mass request of genuine mint treats. Maria can sell mint treats at $1. 20 for every bundle, underneath the selling cost of $1. 50 on the grounds that the genuine mint treats give a more prominent complete commitment edge and that the lemon cream treats gives a more noteworthy unit commitment edge. Maria realized that Aunt Connie's Cookies should create a greater amount of the treats with the more prominent commitment edge per unit to amplify the shop's working benefit. In the event that the situation changed, and the mass request was for lemon treats, Maria would need to surrender the request to the confectioner. The unit commitment edge for the lemon treats is littler and Maria would need to expand the creation ability to make a similar working benefit concerning the mint treats, to the point of going past the processing plant's creation limit. Maria confronted the chance to purchase a nutty spread treat plant. She could utilize this plant to make more lemon creme treats in light of the fact that the close term request surpassed 600,000 packs. The test for Maria is to settle on a choice about going ahead or not with this business (University of Phoenix, 2011). In the event that the new plant has an equal the initial investment volume of creme treats of 650,000 packs, Maria must guarantee that Aunt Connie's Cookie shop deals a similar measure of packs or more. In the event that the business deals less, it will make a misfortune, on the off chance that it sells more, it will be a benefit. The earn back the original investment point in volume is where the plant's fixed costs are secured. For the situation that Maria considers Aunt Connie's Cookie shop can't sell that much, she may guarantee suitability of the plant by (1) attempting to lessen the fixed costs (e. g. renegotiating rent, decreasing phone charges, protection, and so on ), (2) attempting to diminish variable costs (e. g. buying at lower cost the fixings used to make treats), or (3) expanding the selling cost of the treats. Any of these systems can diminish the earn back the original investment point in volume. In the most noticeably terrible of the situations, Maria ought not accepting the nutty spread treat plant. Key Learning Points. During the reenactment I applied a few ideas, for example, commitment edge, make back the initial investment point, fixed and variable costs, lack of concern point, and working influence. Every one of these ideas interrelate and structure some portion of the cost volume benefit investigation apparatus. The utilization of these ideas by directors assist associations with accomplishing great budgetary execution. Cost volume benefit investigation (CVP examination) is an integral asset that can help directors in seeing better the relationship that exists among the cost, the volume, and the benefit in a business. Supervisors can settle on great business choice on the off chance that they pack in attempting to comprehend the connection that exists among (1) the costs of item or administrations, (2) the degree of action, (3) the volume of item , (4) the variable expense per unit, (4) the complete fixed expenses and (5) and the blend of the item or administrations. Business choice might be about changes to organization's evaluating arrangement, determination of an advertising system to utilize, picking which items to make or administrations to give, and even about the acquision of new organizations. The make back the initial investment point (BEP) is one component of CVP investigation. BEP is the degree of yield at which the benefit is zero. Equal the initial investment investigation assists supervisors with deciding how far deals can decrease before their organizations begin to lose cash. The lack of concern point is the volume at which costs for both work escalated activities and hardware serious tasks are equivalent. At the point when volumes increment, incomes increment. In any case, the nearness of lower variable expenses per unit in hardware concentrated tasks guarantees that the working benefits increment all the more essentially when contrasted with work escalated activities. Hardware escalated tasks have higher fixed expenses and lower variable expenses per until when contrasted with work - serious activities. Jamestown Electric Supply Company. Jamestown Electric Supply Company has been doing business for a long time. The organization plans, produces, and conveys electrical supplies in different structures to various sort of organizations. Jamestown put vigorously in innovative work of car electronic innovation to give its clients present day usefulness, security, and execution. Jamestown items have exceptional highlights that make upper hand to products that clients see as standard highlights on all autos. Jamestown has many various agreements with various divisions and plants of every one of the significant vehicle makers. The greater part of the agreements show great gross overall revenue on deals, however others don't show satisfactory primary concern benefits or show no benefit. Despite the fact that Jamestown's business, keep on rising, benefit declined in the period under examination from 2003 to 2007 as appeared on Exhibit One. Jamestown top chiefs accept that if deals development stayed positive, the issues with the benefit would resolve. Warehousing and transportation directors believe that client support costs are crazy and causing noteworthy cost increments for the organization. Jamestown client administrations incorporate for the time being conveyance of electronic segment items, without a moment to spare stock conveyances to customer's plants, warehousing of customer parts, extraordinary part bolster administrations, and numerous other client administrations intended to pick up and look after customers. Display One. Jamestown Electric Supply Company Income Statements for 2003 to 2007. Electric Supply Company monetary execution is in peril and top administration need to change its client assistance approach and advertising system after cautiously examining the data acquired subsequent to playing out a CVP investigation. The focal point of the investigation ought to be in understanding the connection between item value, volume, per unit variable expense, and the blend of items sold by Jamestown Electric. Figuring the commitment edge on the items which Jamestown Electric deals will permit the board to realize more in detail how much every unit deal will add to the organization benefit. Computing the make back the initial investment point will give data about which items don't bring either benefit or misfortune, and about how far deals can diminish before Jamestown Electric begins to lose cash. James Electric item cost structure has a higher level of variable expenses than in fixed costs, which includes less working influence or hazard. One of he choices the executives ought to consider is to intently screen the variable costs caused by client support so as to build the organization benefits. Jamestown Electrical Supply Company the executives will profit by setting an ordinary calendar to break down commitment edges either month to month or quarterly to follow item edge execution all the more precisely. End Managers can enable their associations to accomplish a decent money related execution when they apply fundamental bookkeeping ideas in their business key plans. Knowing the current connection between these ideas add to guarantee their association's money related achievement.

A Case Study of Tata Companies - 550 Words

Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata Companies (Case Study Sample) Content: Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata CompaniesName:University Affiliation:Introduction Tata group is an international venture having based in India. It has 106 running enterprises, with businesses within above 100 nations all over 6 continents, selling to other countries products as well as services to more than 150 nations. In the year 2009, Tata group was ranked number eleven amongst the best performing companies globally (Kneale, 2009).Tata Groups major subsidiaries and global industry competitiveness A first-class corporate citizenship has been component of the groups DNA as a global competitive strategy. A proportion of about sixty-one percent of the shares of the group is occupied by benevolent trusts, thus restoring wealth to people. On account of this exceptional possession composition and philosophy of helping the society, the name of Tata has been loved for over 142 years. It is trusted in favor of its observance to robust values together with business morals. Each and every Tata enterprise is run separately and possesses its individual BOD as well as shareholders with whomever it is accountable. There are thirty- five Tata publicly-listed subsidiaries. These subsidiaries own a total marketplace capitalization of approximately $152 billion as well as the investor base of about 62 million. Tata Groups major subsidiaries with scale of significance comprise:Tata Steel(TS), Tata Motors(TM), Tata Consultancy Assistances(TCA), Tata Power(TP), Tata Chemicals, Tata International Beverages(TIB), Tata Teleservices(TT), Tata Communications(TC), Tata Indian Hotels (TIH). Several Tata Groups major subsidiaries have attained global leadership within their operations. For example, Tata Communications has been the globes leading general voice carrier .Similarly, Tata Motors been has amongst the best five business vehicle makers within the globe. Tata Steel has been amongst the best ten steelmakers along with TCS tha t has been among the ten leading international IT services corporations. TGB has been the second-biggest participant in tea within the globe. Finally, Tata Chemicals has been the globes second-biggest producer for soda ash. Tata Group products and geographic diversification Through making use of a diverse labor force within their operations, the corporations have created considerable local ventures within different geographies. Employing diverse works in their operation has enabled the companies to combine product and geographic diversification since different workers have diverse talent and abilities. Alongside an increasing global footprint of the enterprises, the product of Tata has similarly gained international recognition through the product and geographical diversification.Tatas alliances and acquisitions Tatas global alliances as well as acquisitions have enabled the company changed from that was deeply based in India to the globes most noticeable multinationals (n.d, 2010). In the year 2013, TS acquired an Anglo-Dutch steel vast company at $13.1 billion; within that similar year, TIH Limited Corporation compensated $135 million on behalf of an august Ritz-Carlton inn found in Boston then shocked the metropoliss leader Brahmins through renaming it as Boston Taj. TMs $2.4 billion acquisition of JLR acknowledged much press as well as analyst consideration (Ann, 2010). The acquisitions and alliances have made Tata companies to compete favorably for market for their products with other multinational corporations.Drive for future growth As a strategy of moving forward, Tata companies should build multinational businesses which aspire to distinguish ... A Case Study of Tata Companies - 550 Words Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata Companies (Case Study Sample) Content: Organizational Structure and Internationalization: A Case Study of Tata CompaniesName:University Affiliation:Introduction Tata group is an international venture having based in India. It has 106 running enterprises, with businesses within above 100 nations all over 6 continents, selling to other countries products as well as services to more than 150 nations. In the year 2009, Tata group was ranked number eleven amongst the best performing companies globally (Kneale, 2009).Tata Groups major subsidiaries and global industry competitiveness A first-class corporate citizenship has been component of the groups DNA as a global competitive strategy. A proportion of about sixty-one percent of the shares of the group is occupied by benevolent trusts, thus restoring wealth to people. On account of this exceptional possession composition and philosophy of helping the society, the name of Tata has been loved for over 142 years. It is trusted in favor of its observance to robust values together with business morals. Each and every Tata enterprise is run separately and possesses its individual BOD as well as shareholders with whomever it is accountable. There are thirty- five Tata publicly-listed subsidiaries. These subsidiaries own a total marketplace capitalization of approximately $152 billion as well as the investor base of about 62 million. Tata Groups major subsidiaries with scale of significance comprise:Tata Steel(TS), Tata Motors(TM), Tata Consultancy Assistances(TCA), Tata Power(TP), Tata Chemicals, Tata International Beverages(TIB), Tata Teleservices(TT), Tata Communications(TC), Tata Indian Hotels (TIH). Several Tata Groups major subsidiaries have attained global leadership within their operations. For example, Tata Communications has been the globes leading general voice carrier .Similarly, Tata Motors been has amongst the best five business vehicle makers within the globe. Tata Steel has been amongst the best ten steelmakers along with TCS tha t has been among the ten leading international IT services corporations. TGB has been the second-biggest participant in tea within the globe. Finally, Tata Chemicals has been the globes second-biggest producer for soda ash. Tata Group products and geographic diversification Through making use of a diverse labor force within their operations, the corporations have created considerable local ventures within different geographies. Employing diverse works in their operation has enabled the companies to combine product and geographic diversification since different workers have diverse talent and abilities. Alongside an increasing global footprint of the enterprises, the product of Tata has similarly gained international recognition through the product and geographical diversification.Tatas alliances and acquisitions Tatas global alliances as well as acquisitions have enabled the company changed from that was deeply based in India to the globes most noticeable multinationals (n.d, 2010). In the year 2013, TS acquired an Anglo-Dutch steel vast company at $13.1 billion; within that similar year, TIH Limited Corporation compensated $135 million on behalf of an august Ritz-Carlton inn found in Boston then shocked the metropoliss leader Brahmins through renaming it as Boston Taj. TMs $2.4 billion acquisition of JLR acknowledged much press as well as analyst consideration (Ann, 2010). The acquisitions and alliances have made Tata companies to compete favorably for market for their products with other multinational corporations.Drive for future growth As a strategy of moving forward, Tata companies should build multinational businesses which aspire to distinguish ...

The Jim Crow Laws Stranglehold On The American People

Separate but equal. These three words were used to justify the countless lynchings, riots, as well as legal segregation. The Jim Crow laws stranglehold on the American people was slowly diminishing. The racist regimes which dictated that African Americans be granted the basic rights but not a thing more, only perpetuated the idea of keeping the African Americans as second class citizens, was slowly coming to a close. Langston Hughes could not accept to be thrown into being a second class citizen when at one time he was treated as an equal. Hughs knew that one day, people would judge others by their character, not by the color of their skin. The theme of equality as well as the unique sense of liberating American freedom is prevalent all throughout I, Too, Sing America. This poem is a protest against the rapid discrimination that was still ongoing, despite the advances to bridge the race gap that were made. This theme is developed by the extended metaphor which continued throughout th e poem, an allusion as well as a expansion upon a earlier piece of literature called I Hear America Singing; which preaches a similar message that Hughs is trying to convey, his strong diction which evokes even stronger emotions with its imagery of the rich African American culture, as well as the stark contrasts that lie within the American society. Langston Hughs reviewed the work of Walt Whitman, as well as the general theme, prevailed of hope as well as equality. From there, HughsShow MoreRelatedThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1080 Words   |  5 Pageskey figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about race relations. DuBois lists how blacks have been crippled economically, socially, and politically by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws after reconstructionRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education: Case Study1745 Words   |  7 Pageswhich pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segre gated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterparts. The assumptions made in Plessy versus Ferguson were based on the false premise that it was possible to sustain equality in a racist environment. The African-American schools were not equal. The steps leadingRead MoreThe World War I And The Soviet Union1696 Words   |  7 Pagesambitiously pursued isolationism as the solution to international affairs. As the country focused more on domestic issues because of both the swelling isolationist sentiment and eventually the Great Depression, the racial boundaries created by the Jim Crow laws segregated blacks, many of whom were struggling to escape the vicious lifestyle of sharecropping. Victims to a single cash crop economy, black and white Southern sharecroppers harvested an overproduced cotton crop tying them to the land and adding

Essay on Aeronautical Decision Making - 1344 Words

Introduction According to the Air Safety Institute (ASI) (2014), during the past ten years, 264 accidents were caused by continued Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). Eighty-nine percent of these accidents were fatal causing hundreds of deaths. Despite initiatives by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) these statistics continue to be a concern for the aviation community. Previous quantitative research has focused on identification of causal factors, decision making process and new technology (Shappell Wiegmann, 2009). Recent efforts have investigated and evaluated the effectiveness of safety programs intended to mitigate risks†¦show more content†¦The detailed documentation of this process can provide rich data to increase the aviation community’s understanding of what aeronautical decision making looks like. My overarching question is how do university affiliated flight school students apply aeronautical decision making in regards to weather? The secondary research questions are: 1.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University perceive weather hazards? 2.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University evaluate level of risks? 3.) How do flight school students in their last year at Purdue University perform risk management? Justification for the Theoretical Paradigm and Tradition of Inquiry Few extant studies investigate the weather decision making process using qualitative research methods. Therefore, I propose an instrumental case study to investigate the aeronautical decision making process at a university affiliated flight school between 2014 and 2015. A case study is appropriate when developing an in-depth analysis of an event, program, activity or more than one individual. 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Training pilots is one factor that has to be balanced by decision-making skills such as a great

Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Example For Students

Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Higher Standards: Problems with Standardized Testing Essay Where is the standardized test that can measure passion for learning, respect for others, and human empathy? These are the words of Tom McKenna, a disgruntled high school teacher from Portland, Oregon. Like many other educators and students across the nation, Tom is tired of the system. The educational system today is composed of a series of standardized tests. Standardized tests are bad for many reasons. They cause teachers to limit their curriculum, put low-level income and minority students at a disadvantage, cause school districts to focus too heavily on raising test scores, and extract the passion for learning from students. In many cases teachers are encouraged to teach only material that will be seen on certain standardized tests. For this reason, teachers are forced to extract superfluous material from the course. Instead, teachers focus only on specific items from the test. Students are encouraged to memorize isolated facts and regurgitate short responses. In an article published by the FairTest organization, this method is called teaching the test. Teaching the test seems to be conducive to improving test-taking skills but real academic progression is not always represented. The aforementioned Tom McKenna was put in this very predicament. In his article titled, The Straitjacket of Standardized Tests he tells a story of two of his high school students engaged in a project which enthralled their interest in an unlikely subject. McKenna had become friends with a man named Sol Shapiro. Shapiro, now in a retirement home, had once been a resident in South Portland, Oregon, which was a Jewish immigrant community. McKennas students accompanied him to Shapiros house in order to conduct an interview. A few seconds into the interview Shapiro broke down in tears and the students immediately turned off the video camera and tape recorder. The students comforted Sol. They finished the interview, much of which was unrecorded. McKenna noted that these students had an increased interest in oral history following the interview. They wanted more. he noted. He then adds, Unfortunately, given the demands of current educational reform in Oregon, teachers are finding it difficult to give students the more they desire. McKenna was referring to the fact that teachers in Oregon are encouraged to strive to do well on standardized tests, leaving little time to cover other matters. The pressure that is involved has a trickle down effect. Everyone is evaluated by test scores. Principals are evaluated by the school board and teachers by the principals. Standardized tests are used more so today in the United States than ever before. These tests are used to see if young children are ready to begin school, to track progress throughout the school system, to diagnose learning disabilities, to promote or retain students from the next level, to gage competitiveness amongst other high school graduates, and many other things. There is a ripple effect of standardized tests as well. Since schools focus mainly on material that is covered on standardized tests, programs that do not appear on such tests get omitted from schools altogether. These programs include music, physical education, and the arts. These types of classes have proven to be extremely important in the developmental process of young minds. Caleb Rossiter, a statistician at American University in Washington D.C. complains, They dont see what the effort to bring up the scores is doing to the curriculum. They dont see the dispiriting effect of scrapping art, music and physical education because they are not on the tests. The types of students that are hurt most by standardized testing are minority students and low-level income students. When these students perform poorly on standardized tests, they are likely to be placed in slow classes. These types of classes focus almost exclusively on drill and memorization. This type of method is used because it produces higher test scores which seems to be the only concern. .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .postImageUrl , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:visited , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:active { border:0!important; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:active , .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15 .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe9a4e221e20692c770e692b8ed01a15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arts in Education Essay The interests of the student in the long run are seldom taken into account. According to FairTest, being in this sort of environment ensures these students will fall further and further behind their peers. However, it is not just minority and low-income students that are hurt by students that are hurt by standardized .